低压滤波补偿电柜介绍

　 低压滤波补偿电容柜

　介绍

　安徽曼瑞特电气有限公司

　ANHUI MERIT ELECTRIC CONTROL., LTD

　1、前言

　 近年来，电力电子设备得到广泛的应用。给生产带来经济效益的同时，也给供电系统带来巨大的压力：电能质量下降、功率因数偏低、无功损耗增大、用电设备不能正常工作等诸多问题。

　 安徽曼瑞特电气有限公司研制生产的低压滤波补偿装置是专用于低压电网3次、5次、7次、11次、13次及以上的低压滤波补偿装置。适用于中频冶炼、变频 、轧钢、整流设备等的环境。该装置采用了电感和电容器组成串联谐振吸收回路，有效的将负载产生的谐波加以吸收，从而避免将谐波电流返送到电力变压器、电网之中，大大降低电网的谐波量;同时有利于用户电力变压器的运行，降低功耗，提高设备和其它电器组件的可靠性。此外该设备还具有无功功率补偿的作用，提高用户负载的运行效率。该装置分综合控制柜和电抗柜，视用户要求不同，配置的滤除谐波次数也不同。系统的操作可分自动运行和手动操作。

　2、谐波的基本定义及基础知识

　谐波：（harmonic） 对周期性交流信号量进行傅立叶级数分解，得到频率为基波频率大于1的整数倍的分量。我国供电系统频率为50Hz，所以3次谐波的频率150HZ;5次谐波的频率为250Hz;7次谐波的频率为350Hz;11次谐波的频率为550Hz;13次谐波的频率为650Hz;

　公共连接点：（PCC）用户接入公用电网的连接处;

　总谐波畸变率：（THD）周期性交流量的谐波含量的方均根值与基波分量的方均根值之比（用百分数表示）。电压总谐波畸变率以THDU表示，电流总谐波畸变率以THDI 表示;

　谐波源（harmonic source）：向公用电网注入谐波电流或在公用电网中产生谐波电压的电气设备;

　感性无功：电动机、变压器在能量转换过程中建立交变磁场，在一个周期内吸收的功率和释放的功率相等，这种功率叫感性无功功率;

　容性无功：电容器在交流电网中接通时在一个周期内，上半周期的充电功率和下半周期的放电功率相等，不消耗能量，这种充放电功率叫容性无功功率;

　功率因数：有功功率与视在功率的比值称为功率因数;

　功率因数调整电费：实行两部分电价制度的用电企业，供电部门根据用户平均功率因数而加收或减免的电费，称为功率因数调整电费;

　3、电力系统中的主要谐波源

　电力电子设备：大功率整流装置、中频电源、变频器、不间断电源(UPS)、电子整流器、开关电源等；

　电弧式设备：如交流电弧炉、电焊机、日光灯等；

　铁磁性设备：如变压器、电动机等；

　4、谐波的危害

　增加电力设施负荷，降低系统功率因数，降低发电、输电及用电设备的有效容量和效率，造成设备浪费、线路浪费和电能损失；

　引起无功补偿电容器谐振和谐波放大，导致电容器因过电流或过电压而损坏或无法投入运行；

　产生脉动转矩致使电动机振动，影响产品质量和电机寿命；

　由于涡流和集肤效应，使电机、变压器、输电线路等产生附加功率损耗而过热，浪费电能并加速绝缘老化；

　谐波电压以正比于其峰值电压的形式增加了绝缘介质的电场强度，降低设备使用寿命;

　3的倍数次谐波电流会导致三相四线系统的中线过载，并在三角形接法的变压器绕组内产生环流，使绕组电流超过额定值，严重时甚至引发事故;

　谐波会改变保护继电器的动作特性，引起继电保护设施的误动作，导致区域性停电事故;

　谐波改变了电压或电流的变化率和峰值，延缓电弧熄灭，影响断路器的分断容量;

　使计量仪表特别是感应式电能表产生计量误差;

　干扰邻近的电力电子设备、工业控制设备和通讯设备，影响设备的正常运行;

　对电容补偿柜的影响：

　、谐波过大，控制器不能正常工作，造成电容器不能投入工作;

　、接触器动作平凡容易受损，熔断器经常熔断等;

　、电容器故障：受谐波的影响，电容器使用寿命缩短、膨胀、渗油、爆炸等，甚至引起火灾；

　5、无功补偿、治理谐波的好处

　节省企业电费开支

　 提高功率因数对提高企业的经济效益是明显的。国家电价制度中，从合理利用有限电能出发，对不同企业的功率因数均有相应规定。低于规定的数值，需要多收电费;高于规定数值，可相应地减少电费。可见，提高功率因数对企业有着重要的经济意义。一般要求达到 0.9。

　提高变压器等用电设备的利用率

　 对于原有供电设备来讲，在同样有功功率下，因功率因数的提高，负荷电流减少，因此向负荷传送功率所经过的变压器、开关和导线等供配电设备都增加了功率储备，从而满足了负荷增长的需要；如果原网络已趋于过载，由于功率因数的提高，输送无功电流的减少，使系统不致于过载运行，从而发挥原有设备的潜力；对尚处于设计阶段的新建企业来说则能降低设备容量，减少投资费用，在一定条件下，改善后的功率因数可以使所选变压器容量降低。因此，使用无功补偿不但减少初次投资费用，而且减少了运行后的基本电费。

　降低电能损耗

　 长期以来无功补偿主要集中在变电站和用电大户那里，配电电网几乎没有进行无功补偿。现在随着配电电网负荷的不断增大，尤其是大量家电等低功率因数电器设备的增加，配电电网处在低功率因数状况下运行，线路损耗严重。

　 线路在输电中的有功损耗为：

　 式中:I---线路中的电流，R---线路电阻，U---系统额定电压

　 由上式可知：当线路输送的有功功率和电压不变的情况下，线路的损耗与功率因数的平方成反比。提高功率因数能大大降低线路损耗。也可以说：线损与系统电压的平方成反比！

　改善电网电能质量

　 电网中无功补偿设备的合理配置，与电网的供电电压质量关系十分密切。合理安装补偿设备可以改善电压质量。

　 式中:Ue---线路额定电压，P---输送的有功功率，Q---输送的无功功率，R---线路电阻，X---线路电抗

　 说明：两部分损失：PR/Ue→输送有功负荷P产生的；QX/Ue→输送无功负荷Q产生的；配电线路：X=（2~4）R，△U大部分为输送无功负荷Q产生的；变压器：X=（5~10）R，变压器△U几乎全为输送无功负荷Q产生的；

　提高供用电设备的使用寿命

　 很多供用电设备因受到谐波的影响而不能正常工作，出现误动作、烧毁等现象。当谐波得到治理后，用电环境会得到大大改善，使供用电设备能够在很干净的电网中工作，从而提高了供电设备的使用寿命。

　6、设计、生产步骤

　 1）、数据收集阶段：

　①、与贵司现场人员沟通，了解原电容柜的实际使用情况（如是否有电容器渗油、膨胀等），以确定是否需到现场实测;

　②、如电容柜需要改造，我司会携带谐波测试仪到现场实测，并记录电力系统相关参数，为后期电容改造提供设计依据;

　 2）、方案设计阶段：

　①、根据现场实测及记录数据，首先确定补偿容量需要的补偿容量;

　②、如果现场测试结果表明谐波电流、电压含量高时，我司会对贵司电力系统进行仿真，根据仿真结果确定是否加装电抗器及电抗器的电抗率;

　③、根据选定参数，对电容器、电抗器等相关参数进行校验，以确定在满足无功补偿的同时，电容器、电抗器等元器件能正常工作;

　④、根据一系列计算、仿真后确定最终补偿容量及补偿方案,出具电能质量分析报告;

　 3）、产品生产阶段：

　①、当贵司认可补偿方案并签订合同后，我司会组织相关人员进行生产;

　②、通过元器件采购→元器件进厂检测→组织相关人员安装生产，一直到产品生产出来;

　③、产品生产出来后，我司会对产品进行：如通电实验、耐压实验、电容器容量测试等一系列实验后，出具产品合格证书;

　④、产品具备出厂条件后，将产品打包出厂;

　 4）、现场安装调试阶段：产品运到现场后安装、调试、投运。投运后会再进行测试，以确定滤波补偿方案的有效性;

　7、质量保证和售后服务

　 安徽曼瑞特电气有限公司秉承用户至上、服务第一的一贯宗旨，赢得了所有安徽曼瑞特电气有限公司用户的信任。多年来，安徽曼瑞特电气有限公司本着对用户认真负责的态度，做好充分的售前服务，使用户认识到自己得到了真正领先的技术产品和优越的性能价格比；优质及时的售后服务，为用户解决了后顾之忧。为确保优质的客户服务，安徽曼瑞特电气有限公司建立了完善的客户服务体系。

　7.1、质量保证

　 质保期3年。3年之内，用户设备发生故障时，1小时内做出答复，48小时内赶到现场。如属产品质量问题，我方负责免费更换和维修。对于其他原因引起的故障，收取所换元器件成本费，终身维护。

　7.2、售前服务

　向用户介绍产品的性能、特点、技术指标。帮助用户进行全面细致地调研考察；

　为用户提供最佳实施方案；

　进行售前用户培训。对于简单设备可以通过产品手册，现场演示等方式对用户进行简单培训。对于复杂系统，可以在公司系统培训中心进行使用培训；

　7.3、售后服务

　对用户进行详尽的工作原理、操作使用、简单维护、故障判断等一系列专业培训；

　对用户提供完整详细的工程技术资料。使用户对自已的系统有更深入的了解；

　定期维护。通过客户寻访，定期了解用户的系统运行情况及最新需求。及时有效的维修手段是保证系统正常运行的重要保障；

　所有维修记录由现场技术人员交用户一份，并详细说明问题所在，解决办法及注意事项，使用户做到心中有数。

　安徽曼瑞特电气有限公司

　　2011.07.12

　 曼 瑞 特 电 气 电能质量专家

　culture and entertainment venues, fitness centers, has a good ecological environment, job security measures), these requirements are very straightforward, specific standards, also has a clear direction, more easily by a superior examination. Poverty assessment is to look at the per capita net income of the poor end of 2015 standards is ... ... Yuan, higher standards is poverty. Superior acceptance to entrust a third party institution from HouseImplementation. After acceptance, also through spot checks, visits, telephone surveys looking activities. This means that our achievements have been recognized by the poor for poverty alleviation through acceptance, which we put forward higher requirements for poverty eradication. Therefore, the County Office for poverty alleviation to evaluation efforts in this regard. To implement the grid management model, integrating poverty alleviation into grid management, and "make a heart" activity combined package of leading cadres implement monitoring systems for poverty alleviation, each poor households identified a package cost. In this regard, you can design a form, indicating the poor basic causes, current income, poverty, support measures, implementation of support measures, through helping ' income, annual revenue. From now on, protection officers working households, household-by-place. When the examination, which the poor don't have time to get out of poverty, and holding people accountable. Third, on environmental protection in construction of ecological civilization is the focus on one of the six battle this year. Xian Wei proposed to build "green mountains and beautiful, happy and harmonious" new ... ... Target, which is the basis of environmental protection. Do well environmental protection work, we keep the side of the mountains, nor to the masses to create a suitable for residential and business suitable for swimming and raising living and working environment. Last year, we got good grades the environmental work, atmospheric index ranked 4th in the city to obtain eco-compensationaccording to project needs, in accordance with the "channel, use the same, and use" principle, the implementation of project planning, funding and manpower arrangements, avoiding duplication of inputs and waste of resources, effective integration of poverty relief funds ... Here to remind everyone that bundle integration-related funds, aims to concentrate financial resources for big undertakings. Authorities do not think that has less autonomy, pursuing the deregulation of work. This year on the amount of funds on fighting for the departments concerned to increase over the previous year ... and ... respectively. In this regard, the financial Department to dispatch in a timely manner, analyses relevant departments strive for. (E) to implement the poverty assessment responsibilities. Of village-level evaluation is very clear, that is, "five-ten" ("five-way" path, power, through water, through radio, television, information; " Ten "the hanlaobaoshou fields, rich projects, Office kitchen, health services, sanitation system, pre-school education,2

　culture and entertainment venues, fitness centers, has a good ecological environment, job security measures), these requirements are very straightforward, specific standards, also has a clear direction, more easily by a superior examination. Poverty assessment is to look at the per capita net income of the poor end of 2015 standards is ... ... Yuan, higher standards is poverty. Superior acceptance to entrust a third party institution from HouseImplementation. After acceptance, also through spot checks, visits, telephone surveys looking activities. This means that our achievements have been recognized by the poor for poverty alleviation through acceptance, which we put forward higher requirements for poverty eradication. Therefore, the County Office for poverty alleviation to evaluation efforts in this regard. To implement the grid management model, integrating poverty alleviation into grid management, and "make a heart" activity combined package of leading cadres implement monitoring systems for poverty alleviation, each poor households identified a package cost. In this regard, you can design a form, indicating the poor basic causes, current income, poverty, support measures, implementation of support measures, through helping ' income, annual revenue. From now on, protection officers working households, household-by-place. When the examination, which the poor don't have time to get out of poverty, and holding people accountable. Third, on environmental protection in construction of ecological civilization is the focus on one of the six battle this year. Xian Wei proposed to build "green mountains and beautiful, happy and harmonious" new ... ... Target, which is the basis of environmental protection. Do well environmental protection work, we keep the side of the mountains, nor to the masses to create a suitable for residential and business suitable for swimming and raising living and working environment. Last year, we got good grades the environmental work, atmospheric index ranked 4th in the city to obtain eco-compensationaccording to project needs, in accordance with the "channel, use the same, and use" principle, the implementation of project planning, funding and manpower arrangements, avoiding duplication of inputs and waste of resources, effective integration of poverty relief funds ... Here to remind everyone that bundle integration-related funds, aims to concentrate financial resources for big undertakings. Authorities do not think that has less autonomy, pursuing the deregulation of work. This year on the amount of funds on fighting for the departments concerned to increase over the previous year ... and ... respectively. In this regard, the financial Department to dispatch in a timely manner, analyses relevant departments strive for. (E) to implement the poverty assessment responsibilities. Of village-level evaluation is very clear, that is, "five-ten" ("five-way" path, power, through water, through radio, television, information; " Ten "the hanlaobaoshou fields, rich projects, Office kitchen, health services, sanitation system, pre-school education,2

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　 合肥华威自动化有限公司技术方案

　culture and entertainment venues, fitness centers, has a good ecological environment, job security measures), these requirements are very straightforward, specific standards, also has a clear direction, more easily by a superior examination. Poverty assessment is to look at the per capita net income of the poor end of 2015 standards is ... ... Yuan, higher standards is poverty. Superior acceptance to entrust a third party institution from HouseImplementation. After acceptance, also through spot checks, visits, telephone surveys looking activities. This means that our achievements have been recognized by the poor for poverty alleviation through acceptance, which we put forward higher requirements for poverty eradication. Therefore, the County Office for poverty alleviation to evaluation efforts in this regard. To implement the grid management model, integrating poverty alleviation into grid management, and "make a heart" activity combined package of leading cadres implement monitoring systems for poverty alleviation, each poor households identified a package cost. In this regard, you can design a form, indicating the poor basic causes, current income, poverty, support measures, implementation of support measures, through helping ' income, annual revenue. From now on, protection officers working households, household-by-place. When the examination, which the poor don't have time to get out of poverty, and holding people accountable. Third, on environmental protection in construction of ecological civilization is the focus on one of the six battle this year. Xian Wei proposed to build "green mountains and beautiful, happy and harmonious" new ... ... Target, which is the basis of environmental protection. Do well environmental protection work, we keep the side of the mountains, nor to the masses to create a suitable for residential and business suitable for swimming and raising living and working environment. Last year, we got good grades the environmental work, atmospheric index ranked 4th in the city to obtain eco-compensationaccording to project needs, in accordance with the "channel, use the same, and use" principle, the implementation of project planning, funding and manpower arrangements, avoiding duplication of inputs and waste of resources, effective integration of poverty relief funds ... Here to remind everyone that bundle integration-related funds, aims to concentrate financial resources for big undertakings. Authorities do not think that has less autonomy, pursuing the deregulation of work. This year on the amount of funds on fighting for the departments concerned to increase over the previous year ... and ... respectively. In this regard, the financial Department to dispatch in a timely manner, analyses relevant departments strive for. (E) to implement the poverty assessment responsibilities. Of village-level evaluation is very clear, that is, "five-ten" ("five-way" path, power, through water, through radio, television, information; " Ten "the hanlaobaoshou fields, rich projects, Office kitchen, health services, sanitation system, pre-school education,2