试论保险代位求偿权

　吉林大学毕业论文（设计）?春高升本 学号

　指导教师 曹险峰 职称 教授

　学习中心 成绩

　2009 年 05 月 12 日

　摘要

　保险代位求偿权是保险法中的一项基本制度，其宗旨是为被保险人提供双重保障，以确保被保险人的损失得以充分补偿。同时，也不至于由于保险赔付而使被保险人过分受益。保险人应在保险补偿金额范围内代位行使对第三者请求赔偿的权利。正确认识保险代位权的本质，必须准确理解保险的职能。保险最基本、最固有的职能就是向被保险人提供经济补偿，以求社会生活的安定。保险代位权为保险补偿制度的基本内容之一，必须与保险的宗旨相贯通。本文首先通过对保险代位求偿权的概念、性质解释和了解；然后对保险代位求偿权的发生事由通过6点及其成立要件方面的3点内容加以分析；其次保险代位权行使中应注意的几个问题主要是诉讼时效、权利范围、对象限制、以及在代位求偿中第三人的抗辩四个方面加以说明；最后对目前保险代位权的不足等诸方面问题进行分析，尽管保险代位求偿权制度在我国立法中确定已久，但在司法实践中却始终并没有得到很好的贯彻。究其原因，固然有保险人法制观念不强，对代位求偿权认识不足，再加上照顾各种关系，以及一些裁定部门的某种偏见。保险人代位求偿权制度自身规定的不甚科学、实务操作性差也是一个不容忽视的原因。实务中没有很好贯彻的结果，导致该追的没有去追或者也追不回来，严重影响了保险企业的经济效益，助长了道德危险，阻碍了业务的发展；也使法律的规定仅仅流于形式，有违立法的初衷。为此，笔者试着从以上各方面对保险代位求偿权制度的完善，略发管窥之见，也更期我国对保险代位求偿权制度日渐完善。关键词：保险代位求偿权? 性质? 发生事由? 成立要件? 注意问题? 不足及立法完善前言．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．3

　一、保险代位求偿权的概念、性质 3

　保险代位求偿权的概念 4

　保险代位求偿权的性质

　二、保险代位权的发生事由和成立要件

　（一）保险代位权的发生事由 4（二）保险代位权的成立要件 4

　三、保险代位权行使中应注意的几个问题

　（一）保险代位求偿的诉讼时效 4（二）保险代位行使的权利范围 4

　保险代位求偿的对象限制 4（四）在代位求偿权中第三人的抗辩　 4

　、目前保险代位权规定的不足及立法完善

　参考文献 11

　前言

　保险代位求偿权是保险法中古老而又颇具特色的一项制度。代位求偿权制度源于罗马法，在英国的衡平法中也有代位权的规定。保险代位权，又称“权益转让”，它是指由于第三者的过错致使保险标的发生保险责任范围内的损失的，保险人按照保险合同给付了保险金后，有权把自己置于被保险人的地位，获得被保险人有关该项损失的一切权利和补偿。保险人可以用被保险人的名义向第三者直接索赔或提起索赔诉讼，保险人的这种行为，就称为代位求偿；其所享有的权利，称为“代位求偿权”。代位求偿权是民法中的债权让与制度在保险法律关系中的适用，它实质上是一种债的主体变更，法理依据是保险损失补偿原则和民法中的公平原则。

　(一)、保险代位求偿权的概念

　保险代位求偿权又称保险代位权，是指保险人享有的，代位行使被保险人对造成保险标的损害负有赔偿责任的第三方之索赔求偿权的权利。“保险代位权是各国保险法基于保险利益原则，为防止被保险人获得双重利益而公认的一种债权移转制度”[1]，通常认为保险代位权其实质是民法清偿代位制度在保险法领域的具体运用。

　（二）、保险代位求偿权的性质

　关于保险代位权的权利性质，大致有三种观点：

　 1、债权拟制转移说，认为被保险人的债权虽因保险人偿付保险金而消灭，但法律拟制该债权仍存在，并移转给保险人。

　 2、赔偿请求权说。该说认为保险人自给付保险金时起，便取得与已消灭之债权同一的赔偿请求权。

　 3、债权移转说。该学说认为代位求偿权实质上是保险人对第三人债权的“法定受让”,无须被保险人的让与意思表示，也勿须债务人的同意。该说目前为大多数学者所采纳。我国《海商法》第252条即明确：保险标的发生保险责任范围内的损失是由第三人造成的，被保险人向第三人要求赔偿的权利，自保险人支付赔偿之日起，相应转移给保险人。《保险法》第45条第1款（修改前的《保险法》第44条第1款）因第三者对保险标的的损害而造成保险事故的，保险人自向被保险人赔偿保险金之日起，在赔偿金额范围内代位行使被保险人对第三人请求赔偿的权利。

　保险法上未明确保险人行使代位求偿权以保险人名义还是被保险人名义，以往对此存有争议。目前审判实践普遍接受保险人以自己的名义行使代位求偿权。2000年7月1日实施的《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》第94条保险人行使代位请求赔偿权利时，被保险人未向造成保险事故的第三人提起诉讼的，保险人应当以自己的名义向该第三人提起诉讼。

　?（一）保险代位权的发生事由

　就代位求偿权的实质来讲，它当属请求权，是一种债。按照传统民法理论，债的发生事由自然应当可以成为代位求偿权的发生原因。因此我们可以对代位求偿权的发生事由做一个汇总，具体如下：

　1、侵权行为 保险标的因第三人的故意或过失而遭受财产损失，依照法律规定，该第三者应承担赔偿责任。如因第三人的过失碰撞造成保险人承保汽车的损失而向第三人追偿，即为明显例证。

　2、合同责任? 第三者在履行合同中违约造成保险标的损失或根据合同约定第三者应赔偿对方的损失。如停车场收取保管费为车主保管车辆，因管理员疏忽而致车辆丢失，根据保管协议，停车场应承担赔偿责任。

　3、不当得利? 指没有合法依据而取得利益使他人遭受损失的事实，如拾得他人走失的动物。

　4、共同海损? 保险标的因共同海损造成损失，保险人赔偿被保险人上述损失后，有权向共同海损受益人代位追偿。

　5、产品质量责任? 当产品发生责任事故，在具体的责任人无法查清的，由产品生产者承担责任，则由保险人赔偿损失。保险人在赔付后又查明事故的实际责任人是第三人的，应向第三人求偿。

　6、保证及信用保险的追偿? 保证及信用保险是从民法担保制度中的保证发展而来的，它是就被保险人履约、信用等向债权人的一种担保，在被保险人不履行债务或发生信用危机时，由保险人以支付保险金的形式履行保险合同项下被保险人的债务，由此，就产生了向被保险人追偿的权利。对于代位求偿权的成立要件，按照法律的规定，一般应具备下述要件方能成立：

　（1）、保险人因保险事故主对第三者享有损失赔偿请求权。首先保险事故是由第三者造成的；其次根据法律或合同规定，第三者对保险标的的损失负有赔偿责任，被保险人对其享有赔偿请求权。

　（2）、保险标的损失原因属于保险责任范围，即保险人负有赔偿义务。如果损失发生原因属于除外责任，那么保险人就没有赔偿义务，也就不会产生代位求偿权。

　(3)保险人给付保险赔偿金。对第三者的赔偿请求权转移的时间界限是保险人给付赔偿金，并且这种转移是基于法律规定，不需要被保险人授权或第三者同意，即只要保险人给付赔偿金，请求权便自动转移给保险人。

　（一）、保险代位求偿的诉讼时效

　代位求偿诉讼时效的起算时间从保险事故发生之日起计算，理赔完成之日与保险事故发生之日必然存在时间差，有可能造成代位求偿诉讼时效的丧失，因此要求被保险人在保险事故发生后履行一定的追偿义务，以保障诉讼时效的延续（国外有红线保险条款，保险人在保险单上加印套红色条款，以提醒被保险人注意保全其对第三人的损害赔偿请求权）。至于保险人在理赔之前与造成保险标的损害的第三人的磋商，并不构成保险人代位求偿诉讼时效的中断，因此时保险人尚未支付保险金，不享有代位求偿权。保险人理赔之后当然取得代位求偿权，即使被保险人未履行追偿义务，诉讼时效期间保险人的追偿行为足已构成诉讼时效的中断，无须被保险人通知第三人权益转让的事实。因而保险人自身及时理赔，尽快向第三人追偿也是保全时效的方法。

　? 基于上述认识，保险人代位求偿权的诉讼时效　，依据我国现行的法律规范，主要有以下两类：　

　1、《民法通则》所规定的诉讼时效　

　保险事故因第三人的侵权行为或者违约行为而发生的，除其他法律对被保险人对第三人的赔偿请求权时效期间另有规定外，应适用《民法通则》有关诉讼时效的规定。《民法通则》根据不同的民事法律关系及当事人的认知程度，分别规定了1年、2年、20年三类诉讼时效。保险人代位求偿权的行使，应依照被保险人应当适用的诉讼时效确定其适用的时效。

　2、民商事特别法所规定的诉讼时效　

　 保险事故因第三人的侵权行为或违约行为发生，被保险人对第三人的索赔时效，《民法通则》以外的其他法律有特别规定或者专门规定的，应当适用其他法律的规定。《民法通则》以外的民商事特别法，依据“特别法优于普通法”的法理原则，应优先适用。在此情形下，保险人代位求偿权的行使，须依照被保险人对第三人损害赔偿请求权应当适用的特别法的时效规定予以确定。

　（二）、保险代位行使的权利范围

　财产保险中，第三人大致可因侵权行为和合同违约行为损害保险标的，在海商法上还有共同海损引起的保险代位求偿问题。

　侵权行为的民事责任，根据侵权行为的具体情节，侵害人应当承担返还财产、折价赔偿、恢复原状、赔偿损失的民事责任。侵占财产的，应当返还财产，不能返还财产的，应当折价赔偿。损坏财产的，应当恢复原状或者折价赔偿。受害人因此遭受其他重大损失的，侵害人并应当赔偿损失。鉴于保险所代位权利的债权性质，保险人因侵权的代位求偿权指的是损害赔偿请求权，不包括返还财产和恢复原状。合同违约行为的民事责任，依《合同法》第107条有继续履行、采取补救措施或者赔偿损失等形式。保险人得依合同违约的代位求偿权也仅仅是赔偿损失，不包括继续履行和采取补救措施。可见保险人行使代位权时不享有被保险人对第三方可行使的所有权利。

　保险人得代位的被保险人对第三人的损害赔偿请求权与被保险人实际享有的对第三人的损害赔偿请求权的金额范围也不完全一致。首先，保险人代位权受到保险赔偿额的限制。其次，与保险责任的范围有关，在保险责任范围内发生的损失额，属于保险人可代位行使的权利范围，原则上保险责任之外的原因造成保险货物的损失，保险人不负赔偿责任，因此保险人代位的求偿权中也不包括此项损失的赔偿请求权。

　此外，《合同法》第121条当事人一方因第三方的原因造成违约的，应当向对方承担违约责任。当事人一方和第三方之间的纠纷，依照法律规定或者按照约定解决。而在过错责任归责原则下，因基础合同当事人之外的第三方（以货运保险合同为例，货运合同为基础合同）原因造成保险标的损害的，保险人行使代位求偿权也受到限制。例如，两车相撞的交通事故造成货物损失，事故责任无外乎承运人自身原因、相对方原因和混合原因。无论何种原因，都造成承运人对货主（被保险人）的违约，货主对承运人当然有合同权利。然而，因相对方原因造成承运人对货主违约的，依照合同法第121条，货主不能追究相对方责任，但基于相对方的侵权，货主可直接追究相对方的侵权责任。此种情况下，保险人只能选择代位侵权的损害赔偿直接追究相对方责任，而不能选择承运人合同违约的赔偿责任。

　任何对保险标的的损害负有赔偿责任的第三人，都可以成为保险人代位求偿的对象。第三人既可以是自然人，也可以是法人。但各国保险法对代位求偿的对象均有所限制。我国保险法对代位求偿对象的限制体现在保险法第47条，该条规定：除被保险人的家庭成员或者其他组成人员故意造成本法第45条第1款规定的保险事故以外，保险人不得对被保险人的家庭成员或者其组成人员行使代位请求赔偿的权利。考虑保险法第45条的规定，保险人当然不能向被保险人本人行使代位请求赔偿的权利。其意义在于，如果保险人向被保险人本人追偿，则被保险人所受损失无法得到保险的补偿，保险也就失去其存在的意义。而被保险人的家庭成员或者其他组成人员的故意行为所造成保险标的损失，保险人仍享有代位求偿权，如果是被保险人本人故意行为所造成的损失，保险人不负赔偿责任。

　但如何理解被保险人的“家庭成员或者其组成成员”的具体构成？蔡奕《论保险代位求偿权的限制》有详细的论述，其中有一种观点将“组成人员”解释为“被保险人的组成人员”，而非仅为“被保险人家庭的组成人员”，“家庭成员”，应是指被保险人是自然人时被保险人的家庭成员。被保险人的家庭成员范围，应指与被保险人共同生活，与被保险人拥有共同财产，在法律上对被保险人没有损害赔偿义务的家庭组成成员。而“被保险人的组成成员”则是另一范畴的概念，系指被保险人为机关、企事业单位等法人及其他非法人组织时，被保险人的员工或雇员。将“被保险人家庭成员”与“被保险人组成成员”有意区分，反映了保险代位求偿权在自然人领域与法人、组织领域的不同限制，较符合保险立法的趋势。这是因为企业、事业等组织与其员工存在着类似于家庭成员间的共同利益。

　（四）、在代位求偿权中第三人的抗辩　

　第三人对被保险人的抗辩可以向保险人主张。除此之外，第三人对保险人的保险代位权还有如下抗辩：

　1、保险人与被保险人之间保险合同不成立或者无效的抗辩。

　2、未取得代位求偿权的抗辩，保险人未就保险标的受损害的部分向被保险人进行赔付，保险人就不取得保险代位求偿权。

　3、保险人代位的权利与其向被保险人承担的保险责任不一致的抗辩。比如，被保险人投保的是短量险，保险公司赔付后，就不能代位向第三人行使货损的求偿权。

　4、保险人依据保险合同不应该赔付而予以赔付的抗辩。保险标的的损害虽然由于第三人的行为所致，但不属于保险事故范围，保险人予以赔付的，保险人不享有保险代位权。对此，理论界有争议。有学者认为，如果保险赔款明显属于自愿给付的，可以予以抗辩，如果保险人依据合同不承担保险责任而给予赔偿的，应视为保险人对被保险人的赠与，赠与不赋予保险人法定的代位求偿权。另有观点认为，被保险人向保险人主张保险赔偿时，只须证明承保风险的发生和损失的具体数额，就完成举证责任，如果保险人不主张除外责任等抗辩事由，保险人就有义务予以赔付，因此保险人的抗辩是其所享有的权利，可以主张，可以放弃，并不因为保险人放弃抗辩而导致其赔付无效。保险人依据有效的赔付当然可以向第三人行使代位求偿权。这与赠与的法律性质完全不同。此外如果第三人能主张此项抗辩，由于被保险人所遭受的损害已经获得弥补，自然不能向第三人请求赔偿，保险人也不能向第三人行使代位求偿权，显然是不公平的。因此第三人不能主张此项抗辩。

　四、目前保险代位权规定的不足及立法完善

　?2002年10月28日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第三十次会议通过了关于修改《中华人民共和国保险法》的决定，这个决定对现行保险法的修改达三十八处，其内容涉及到现行保险法的总则、保险合同、保险业的经营规则、保险业的监督管理、保险中介以及法律责任等内容。应当说，这个修改决定内容充实，操作性强。但是，该修改决定并非很完美，同其他国家和地区大规模修正保险法相比，它尚存在诸多缺陷，就保险代位权来讲，它尽管几经修改，但仍然存在不少弊端。

　?首先，它缩小了保险代位权的适用范围。在我国保险理论界认为，由于保险代位追偿原则是损失补偿原则派生出来的权利，是对损失补偿原则的补充和完善，所以代位追偿原则与损失补偿原则只适用于各种财产保险，而不适用于人身保险。[2]其原因在于人身保险的标的是无法估价的人的生命和身体机能，因而不存在由于第三者的赔偿而使被保险人或收益人获得额外利益的问题。所以如果发生第三者侵权行为导致人身伤害，被保险人可以获得多方面的赔偿而无需权益转让，保险人也无权代位追偿。[3]在这种理论支撑下，我国保险法把代位求偿权放在财产保险合同中，并且在人身保险合同中明文规定人身保险不适用代位求偿权(参见《新保险法》第68条)，于是代位求偿权成了财产保险合同所特有的制度，完全排斥其在人身保险合同中的适用。然而，随着现代保险业的发展，国际上新的险种的诞生，这种完全排斥在人身保险合同中的适用的立法已经受到挑战，正如英国著名保险法学者克拉克先生指出：“传统的分类还会继续起作用：生命险和事故险一般不视作补偿险。医疗费用保险和失能保险却被认为补偿保险。……如果合同有规定将诉权转让给承保人，那可以说，事故险在这个意义上是允许代位的。”[4]从世界上各个国家的立法来看，代位求偿权并非完全排斥在人身保险合同中的适用之外，其在人身保险中的适用，有两种立法模式，即法定代位权和约定代位权。如《澳门商法典》人身保险的一般规定第1030条规定：“人身保险合同中，保险人做出给付后不得代位取得被保险人因保险事故而生之对第三人之权利。上款之规定不适用于在第三人所造成之意外事故中保险人所承担之医疗及住院开支。”《意大利民法典》的损害保险第1916条第四款关于保险人的代位权规定：“……本条规定亦适用于工伤事故和偶发灾害的保险。”这里，第三人所造成之意外事故保险和工伤事故、偶发灾害的保险是法定可以适用保险代位权的。此外，在当今德国的保险理论和实务中一般认为，保险代位权对于依照损害补偿原则为给付的意外伤害保险或者健康保险具有是有适用价值。[5]对于约定代位权，如《韩国商法》人身保险的通则第729条规定：“保险人不得代位行使因保险事故所致的保险合同人或者保险受益人对第三人的权利。但是，在签订伤害保险合同的情形下，若当事人之间另有约定，保险人可以在不损害被保险人的权利的范围内代位行使该项权利。”在美国部分州对于健康保险和意外伤害保险原则上没有保险代位权的适用，但法院对于当事人扩大适用范围的合同自由采取了更加宽容的态度，因此健康保险或者意外伤害保险合同约定有代位权的，可以适用约定(conventional)代位权，这种做法为美国多数法院认同。[6]因此，对于意外伤害保险和健康保险等这些“第三领域”的保险“难为其缺乏损失补偿的功能，不使其适用保险代位权亦缺乏令人信服的理由。[7]”因此我国新保险法对于保险代位权的适用范围的限制并非明智之举，应当赋予上述保险合同当事人以约定保险代位权。如此规定，既符合保险法理，又同国际保险立法接轨。其次，从代位求偿权的行使上来看，笔者认为，被保险人的债权因保险人的给付得以实现，然而，被保险人与第三者之间的债权债务关系并不因此而消灭，仅仅是权利义务主体发生了变更，即保险人应替代原债权人(被保险人)而成为新的债权人，债的内容与客体未发生任何变更。因此，原来被保险人对第三者的债权债务关系经保险人赔偿后成为保险人与第三者间的债权债务关系。在新的法律关系中，第三者仍是债务人，若其不自觉履行赔偿义务，保险人可依法向人民法院起诉请求保护。因此，从债权转让角度出发，保险人必须是以自己的名义才能行使代位求偿权。

　?2000年7月1日实施的《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》第94条率先做出了规定:“保险人行使代位请求赔偿的权利时，被保险人未向造成保险事故的第三人提起诉讼的，保险人应当以自己的名义向该第三人提起诉讼。”然而《中华人民共和国海商法》、《中华人民共和国保险法》（含修正案）并没有做出具体规定，因此，保险人应该以何人的名义行使代位求偿权，仍然是不确定的。

　 鉴于此，笔者建议修改保险法的规定，确定保险人以自己的名义行使代位求偿权。另外，《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》也明确规定，对于保险人的其它行使代位求偿权的方式，如仲裁、调解、协商等，保险人也应当以自己的名义来行使代位求偿权。

　 再次，对于代位求偿权的取得方式的规定不甚合理。保险人如何取得代位求偿权？世界各国的立法有不同的主张，但归结起来主要有两种观点：一是“当然代位主义”，即保险人的代位求偿权的取得以保险人向被保险人履行保险合同中规定的赔偿义务为先决条件，只要保险人履行了向被保险人赔偿的义务后即自动取得代位求偿权；二是“请求代位主义”，即在保险人履行向被保险人赔偿的义务后并不立即取得代位求偿权，还须有被保险人履行将其享有的向第三人的损害赔偿请求权转让给保险人这一行为。我国采用的是“当然代位主义”，实行“当然代位主义”能使保险人理赔后立即且必然取得代位求偿权，但这种方式使得第三人履行赔偿义务没有依据，不知道向谁履行义务。在同时存在既应向保险人支付损害赔偿额又应向投保人或被保险人负有赔偿义务的情况下，第三人应向保险人履行多少赔偿额义务亦不清楚，“请求代位主义”正能克服“当然代位主义”的上述弊端。因此，我国应采用的是“请求代位主义”。

　致 谢

　时光荏苒，转眼即将告别四年的大学生活，在吉林大学远程教育学院度过了四年美好时光。回首这四年的时光，心中是对学校的无比感激之情。在吉林大学远程教育学院受到的法律思想熏陶和培养起来的法学研究思维将成为我一生的宝贵财富。

　在这里，我由衷感谢恩师曹险峰老师！感谢曹老师在学习上和生活中对我的指导和关心，曹老师严谨的治学态度和谦虚平和的为人将使我终生受益。在本文的写作过程中曹老师不时指导，给予了大量帮助，在此向曹老师表示深深的感谢！

　感谢吉林大学远程教育学院的所有老师，他们在我学习期间无私的传授给我法学知识及人生道理，使我受益匪浅。

　感谢我的父母一直在我身边无条件的支持和鼓励！感谢我身边的同学和朋友在学习和生活中给了我无私的帮助。

　对于此篇论文，限于本人的学识，肯定有不少偏颇之处，欢迎各位老师、同学批评指正。

　吉林大学远程教育学院2009届本科生毕业设计（论文）

　Trade union work systemTrade union work systemThe staff and workers' CongressChapter I General principlesThe first is to protect my company workers democratic management power, full of enthusiasm and creativity of employees, wisdom run company, this regulation is formulated.Second public companies in the implementation of the board of directors general manager responsibility system under the leadership of the building at the same time, must establish and improve the system of workers' Congress and other democratic management systems, security barrier and play the role of trade union organizations and representatives of the employees table in consideration of the major decision-making enterprises, supervision and supervision of administrative leadership, power and role of safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of workers and so on.Third the trade union committee of the enterprise is the work of the staff and workers' Congress, and is responsible for the daily work of the staff and workers' Congress.Fourth the staff and workers' Congress shall accept the ideological and political leadership of the Party committee, and shall exercise its functions and powers within the limits prescribed by law.Article fifth the staff and workers' Congress shall actively support the general manager to exercise the authority of the management and decision making and the unified command of the production activities.Sixth of workers' Congress of democratic centralism.Second chapter of authorityArticle seventh the staff and workers' Congress shall exercise the following functions and powers::A general manager, to listen to and consider the science about the company's operating principles, long-term long-term planning, the annual plan, the basic construction plan, major technological transformation and technology introduction plan, staff training plan, its own funds allocation and use of the program, and put forward opinions and suggestions, and make a resolution on the implementation of the scheme.Two, consider the company's salary adjustment through the program, the labor protection measures programs, incentives and other important regulatory rules and regulations.Three, to consider the use of the program, the welfare of the staff and workers' welfare programs and other major issues related to the lives of the workers and staff.Four, evaluation and supervision of leading cadres at all levels of the company, and put forward suggestions on punishment and the appointment.In five, the workers' Congress meeting, can by the general manager on behalf of the government, the chairman of the trade union staff representatives signed the system of equal consultation and collective contract, for the common goal for the development of the company, each other is to assume the obligation to ensure the implementation.Staff representative of the third chapterEighth employees of the company in accordance with the law to enjoy political rights were elected as representatives of the employees of cocoa.Article 99 the employees' representatives to the department room or the basic level branch as a unit, directly elected by the workers. The operators, technical personnel and management personnel, leading cadres and young workers, female workers have accounted for a certain proportion, the company and the Department of leadership cadres of the general staff to do the total number of deputies to 55 points.Tenth employees on behalf of the Ministry or the basic unit of the Department of the unit is a single unit of the delegation, elected head..Eleventh staff representatives for implementation of the permanent system of election, once every two years, may be re elected. The election of representatives of the employees table unit employees, elected units and workers have the right to supervise and replace the withdrawal of representatives of the staff and workers units.The rights and obligations of the representatives of the twelfth staff and workers:A table, in the staff representative meeting, have the right to vote, to be elected in voting and voting rights. The right to execute executive Congress resolutions and proposal to implement the situation to be checked.Two, on behalf of workers should work hard to improve their own quality, on behalf of the legitimate interests of workers, and truthfully reflect the opinions and demands of the masses of workers, law-abiding model good books work.Three, on behalf of the staff and workers to exercise democratic rights, any organization and individual shall not suppress obstruction and strike retaliation.The fourth chapter organization systemThe thirteenth generation of workers congress delegation chairman presided over the meeting discussion, the members of the presidium shall, operators, managers and technicians. Our company middle-level cadres, including workers, technical personnel, management staff should be more than half.The fourteenth section of the workers' Congress held once a year at least for each meeting, there must be 33 points more than two staff representatives attend the seats. In case of major matters by the general manager, the labor union of the company more than 1/3 staff or staff representatives proposal may convene the meeting. The workers' Congress elections held and resolutions must be approved by all workers represented by more than half.Twenty-fifth of the workers congress around increase and enhance the vitality of enterprises, promote the technology step by step, improve economic efficiency, for enterprise management, an important problem of distribution system and workers life and fix the issue. Staff and workers congress decided in its position within the scope of authority, without consent shall not be modified by the workers' Congress change.Table sixteenth employee representative congress is not in session, the need for temporary solutionAn important question by trade unions called post head meeting of representatives of the staff and workers, and consultation with the down of a workers' congress report confirmed. Head meeting may participate in according to the meeting invited the leadership of the company and other relevant personnel.The fifth chapter of the staff and workers' Congress and the trade unionSeventeenth work as a staff representative of the general assembly of the work of the organization, to undertake the following work:First, the organization of staff and workers elected representatives.Two, the collection of workers on behalf of the major issues of the proposal, presided over the work of representatives of the general assembly of the preparatory work and the organization of the meeting.Three, presided over the meeting of representatives of the staff and workers on behalf of the meeting.Four, the organization of specialized teams to investigate and research, to make recommendations to the workers' Congress, inspection and supervision and supervision of the implementation of the resolution of the general assembly, the implementation of the staff and workers to implement the resolution of the General Assembly on behalf of workers.Five, to the staff and workers into the democratic management of publicity and education, the organization of staff and workers on behalf of the learning policy, business and management knowledge, improve the quality of the staff representatives.Six, accept and deal with the complaints and suggestions of representatives of the staff and workers, maintenance of the legitimate rights and interests of workers.Seven, the organization of democratic management of its other work.The sixth chapter of the Department of the room, the team's democratic managementAccording to the specific circumstances, the eighteenth department may take the form of the employees' Congress or the employee's representative office to exercise democratic management power in the affairs of the authority of the Department.Nineteenth teams and groups of democratic management, by the workers directly participate in the team's trade union leaders and workers under the auspices of the activities carried out under the auspices of the team building by the trade union leader to assist the squad leader.The seventh chapter supplementary provisionsArticle twentieth the company's trade unions shall be responsible for the interpretation of these regulations.Article twenty-first of the regulations issued from the date of promulgation.Trade union workOne, promote the party's road line, principles, policies, the implementation of the higher level of union spirit, under the leadership of the Party committee and the completion of the work of the task.Two, strengthen democratic management, do a good job of the staff and workers' Congress held preparatory, and closing work, do not hold regular workers delegation head of the meeting, to ensure the smooth flow of the main channel of democracy.Three, adhere to the "22" maintenance of unity, do a good job in the labor dispute mediation work, the protection of the specific interests of the masses of the protection of the masses of workers from invasion.Four, strengthen the source participation, actively participate in the company's various policy strategies, measures to develop, and supervise the implementation of the line, reflecting the wishes of the majority of workers and requirements.Five, the organization of workers to carry out labor competition, to make reasonable proposals, small leather, small inventions to create a living activity, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the production of workers.Six, to carry out the "warm and warm project" activities for the workers to run everything, practical things, to help solve the difficult life, do a good job of mutual assistance insurance and staff and workers to study and research work.Seven, establish and perfect the trade unions at all levels, achieve organization system network, fixed regularly held congress, a good new member of the development and transfer of work.Eight, establish and improve the levels of female workers organization, coordination of relevant departments to do a good job of female female workers "four period", play essential role of female workers into the sky, to promote the development of production, protect the legitimate rights and interests of women workers are not infringed.Nine, the group organized the staff to carry out health, education and teaching in music, small and diverse cultural and sports activities, active corporate cultural life, and strive to enhance the cohesion of the enterprise.Ten, to strengthen the financial management of the union, according to the trade union funds on time, to develop the use of the labor union funds budget, reasonable expenses, and do a good job in the collection and use of union dues.Union membership management systemArticle 1 this regulation is formulated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the articles of association of China's trade union, and with the company's actual situation.Second who meet the conditions for membership in the Union constitution and the provisions of the China < >, has signed a labor contract with the company staff can apply to join into the union.Third apply for unionized workers, shall I put out the application, and the Chinese National Federation of trade unions shall fill in "application form" and "trade union membership registration form", by the union approval group and grass-roots trade union audit, is a member of the union. Its membership from the union committee approved the date since.Fourth trade union members should actively participate in the activities of the union, the right to exercise their rights and fulfill their obligations, and timely payment of contributions.Fifth members will be free to go back. Members of the withdrawal will be written application, through the trade union group, approved by the labor union committee, from the day of withdrawal will stop paying their dues.Sixth members do not have the proper reason to continue for 6 months without payment of membership dues, do not participate in the processing will organize life, education refused to correct, should be regarded as automatic withdrawal.Article 77 where serious crimes and criminal sanctions by members of trade unions, by the Committee for discussion and decision, dismissed its membership.The relationship between the eighth members of the organization changes with the change of labor relations, the labor relations of the members change, the relationship between the members of the human relations with me to transfer, with the membership card to transfer.Ninth to master company membership, every month 25 days before this grass-roots trade unions shall fill in "grass-roots union members report > union office reported to the company, requirements in a timely manner, digital true and reliable.Tenth such as the management of the members of the lost Dangdang, causing unnecessary labor disputes, etc., will be held responsible for the relevant personnel.Eleventh handle refund formalities will have workers, and apply for membership, allowing it to re apply for the admission procedures.Twelfth members retired, retired, laid-off, insurable retained membership. Membership retention period from dues. Members maintain membership, no longer have the right to vote and to be elected in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state. In addition to enjoy the insurance benefits, the same treatment will no longer enjoy membership.Thirteenth the Ordinance shall be implemented as of the date of promulgation, and the right to interpret it shall be in the company's trade union committee.Union chairman job dutiesOne, in the company Party branch and the superior trade union under the leadership of the trade union committee, presided over this unit is responsible for the daily work. The trade union work plan, regular arrangement, examination, summing up the work, and timely reporting to the Party branch and trade unions.Two, the implementation of the implementation of the party's line, principles, policies, adhere to the production and operation of enterprises as the center of the heart and to democratic management as the focus, play the essential role of working mechanism of the Congress, the comprehensive carry out the activities of trade unions.Three, the implementation of democratic centralism principle, chaired by members of the general assembly or a member of Congress, trade union committee, democracy, brainstorming, the trade unions do to promote the harmonious development of enterprises and employees, the stability and unity of the home of workers.Four, support the work of enterprise administration, to participate in the development of the enterprise planning, reform and innovation and life and other important work to discuss the work, and actively put forward reasonable proposals.Five, do the preparatory work of the Congress, to complete the work of the congress delegate support.Six, pay attention to listen to the opinions and requirements of the majority of members, in a timely manner to the Party branch and the administrative counter reflection, the maintenance of the rights and interests of workers and the vital interests of the enterprise administrative staff to help improve the welfare of workers.Seven, the organization to carry out health and physical and mental health of the culture and entertainment, sports activities.Eight, responsible for the scope of trade unions in the political learning, assessment, awarding work.Nine, to assist the female staff members will do a good job of female staff and workers, to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of female workers.Ten, assist enterprises in the relevant aspects of the association, do a good job in the work of retired workers and their families.Eleven, the examination and approval of trade union funds.Twelve, timely completion of the party organization and the work of the superior union arrangement.Detailed rules for the implementation of the regulations of the staff and workers' CongressChapter I General ProvisionsThe first one according to the People's Republic of China constitution in < > and < theconsolidation industrial workers congress during the People's Republic of China regulations cases of industrial enterprises owned by the "spirit, the regulations implementing rules are formulated.The second company employee representative congress is the basic form of democratic management of the enterprise, is the right agency workers to exercise their democratic management. The main work is the trade union committee organization of the staff and workers' Congress, responsible for the daily work of the workers' Congress.Third employees in the company under the leadership of Party branch, to implement the party's line, principles and policies of needles, and state laws and regulations, correctly handle the state, collective, individual interests of the three, in the law within the prescribed scope of authority.Article 44 the Congress shall actively support the general manager of the company to exercise the management decision and the unified command of production, scientific research activities authority.Fifth to establish and improve the system of workers' Congress and other democratic management systems, security and play the role of trade union organizations and representatives of the staff and workers to review the major decision of enterprises in the trial supervision, administrative leadership, role and rights to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests and so on.Article 66 The Congress implement democratic centralism in the system.Second chapter of authorityThe Seventh Congress exercised the following powersFirst, the right to consider proposalsListen to the general manager of the regular work report; review; business policy, long-term long-term planning, the annual plan; basic construction plan; major technical transformation scheme;; employee training plan; financial budget is put forward opinions and suggestions; gold funds allocation and use case.Two, the review of the consent or vetoThe salary adjustment scheme of the enterprise; the bonus scheme; the labor protection measures; the reward measures for the employees and the important rules and regulations of the enterprise are reviewed.Three, to consider the right to decide:For workers Fulili fund; workers housing allocation; other important matters relating to workers Living welfare review will be decided.Four, appraisal, supervision powerLeading cadres at all levels of supervision, regular review, general manager of the office should fulfill the duties and objectives of supervision, the layers of cadres to the general manager of science can be put forward to praise, reward, punishment, promotion or group of criticism, dismissed suggestions.Five, the right to democratic electionsAccording to the superior department in charge of the deployment of the competent authorities or the approval of the higher authorities, the staff representatives of the people's democratic recommendation or the election of enterprise administrative leadership, and the election results reported to the competent authorities for approval.The Eighth Congress will be the taskFirst, the party and government departments to do a good job of the "two" civilization, the workers of the ideological, discipline and professional ethics education.Two, Congress should support education workers of the company general manager for the mobilization of workers to carry out the exercise of the powers, the provisions, abide by discipline, efforts to complete the task.Three, close contact with the general staff and workers, to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers, and truthfully reflect the views and requirements of the workers.Staff representative of the third chapterThe ninth company employees entitled to political rights in accordance with the provisions of the law, can be elected as the representative of the staff.Tenth representatives of the staff and workers to produce, should take the Department, the workshop as a unit, by the workers directly elected, not appointed by the leadership of the leadership. The number of its representatives should be accounted for 10-20%. of the total number of workersEleventh a staff representative should be a worker, technical personnel, management personnel, workers and other leading cadres group consisting of young workers and female workers should be accounted for a proper proportion. A guest, attend on behalf of several seats.According to the needs of the work and the number of representatives of the composition of a number of representatives of the table group, elected leader, deputy leader.Twelfth representatives of the staff and workers of real implementation of the permanent system, every three