长久动词和连续性动词演习题

　延续性动词和短暂性动词的使用

　在学习现在完成时的过程中，我们经常碰到类似这样的句子：

　　1）这辆自行车我已经买了五年了。

　　2）这位老人已经去世五年了。

　此时，有些同学就想当然的将之翻译为：

　　1)I have bought this bike for five years.（此句突出“买”的动作。言下之意，到现在还没有买到。）

　　2)The old man has died for five years.(此句突出“死”的动作，给人的感觉是“这位老人五年期间一直在死亡线上挣扎”。)

　造成这种错误的主要原因是学习者在运用动词的过程中，将瞬间动词与延续性动词混为一谈。英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和瞬间动词。

　那么，什么是瞬间动词呢？简而言之，瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词或终止性动词。这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束，所以不能直接跟表示一段的时间状语连用。

　如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy, die等。

　 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

　 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用.

　It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)

　那么，如何使瞬间动词与表示一段时间的状语连用呢？此时，我们可以将这些词转换成意义相近的延续性词（组），从而间接表示其中的意思。

　a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词

　1、用have代替buy

　My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

　2、用keep或have代替borrow

　I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.

　3、用be替代become

　How long has your sister been a teacher?

　4、用have a cold代替catch a cold

　Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.

　5、用wear代替put on

　b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词

　1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill

　3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep

　5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave

　7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut

　9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose

　c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词

　1“be＋on”代start,begin

　2“be＋up”代get up

　3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to

　4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等

　d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词

　1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to

　2.用be in the army 代替join the army

　3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to

　延续性动词与不延续性动词

　延续性动词与非延续性动词

　 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

　 一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

　 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。

　 例:He has lived here for 6 years.? You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.? How long did you stay there last year?

　 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。

　如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。

　非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;

　例:He died 5 years ago.

　 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.

　三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：

　1.The old man died 4 years ago.?---- The old man has been dead for 4 years.---- It is 4 years since the old man died.? ----Four years has passed since the old man died.

　2.He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years.

　3.I bought the book 5 days ago.? ---- I have had the book for 5 days.

　一．同意句替换（中考必考）

　短暂动词的一般过去式可以同意替换为延续性动词的现在完成时（for/since ）

　1. borrow keep have kept

　He borrowed my CD yesterday.

　2. get to know know have known

　He got to know the truth two days ago.

　3. catch a cold have a cold have had a cold

　He caught a cold the day before yesterday.

　4. buy have have had

　He bought this computer four years ago.

　5. die be dead have been dead

　He died in 1996.

　6. open be open have been open

　The shop opened half an hour ago.

　7. close be closed have been closed

　The factory closed last year.

　8. get married be married have been married

　They get married when he graduated from university.

　9. fall ill be ill have been ill

　Last night ,he fell ill suddenly.

　10. fall asleep be asleep have been asleep

　He fell asleep when he listened to the radio.

　11. leave sp. Be away from sp. Have been away from sp.

　He left the school after 18yesrs old.

　12. return be back have been back

　He returned to China after 7 years.

　13. go to bed be in bed have been in bed

　He didn’t go to bed until his mother came home.

　come to the island be on the island have been on the island

　Thomas came to the island when he was a child.

　15. go to sp./come to sp. Be in sp. Have been in sp.

　He went to Australia for further study last spring.

　16. come here be here have been here

　He came here last summer.

　17. go there be there have been there

　He went there with his secretary ten days ago on business.

　18. go out be out have been out

　He went out when his neighbour came to his house.

　19. get up be up have been up

　He got up immediately when he heard the bell ring

　20. start/ begin be on have been on

　The concert started 7minutes ago

　21. finish/ end be over have been over

　He finished all the schoolwork ten minutes ago.

　22. become be have been

　He become a basketball player when he was a little child.

　23. join be a member of have been a member of

　 Be in have been in

　He joined the communist part in 1998.

　二．单项选择题

　?1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.

　?A. has left B. had left C. has been away? D. had been away

　?2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.

　?A. joined B. have joined C. have been in

　3.The factory _______ since the February of 1988.

　A . has been open? B. has opened C. was open D. opened

　4.Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.

　A. have made? B. have been? C. made D. have become

　5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.?

　?A. be away B. leave C. be left

　6.The meeting? _______ for a week now.?

　A. has finished B. has ended? C. has been over

　7.Miss Gao _____ this school for nearly 5 years.?

　A. has been in? B. has come to? C. has taught

　8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .?

　A. has been? B. has become? C. was D. became

　9.I ______ home for a week.

　A. have returned B. have been back C. returned

　10.How long _______ he ________

　A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead

　11.He ________ the car for a week.

　A. bought B. has bought C. has had?

　12.-----How long ____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.?

　?A. did fall B. have, fell? C. have, been

　13.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.?

　A.has left ?B.has moved away C.has been away from

　14.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.?

　A. borrow B. keep C. take

　15.The bus _____ on the road for 2 hours so far.

　A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been

　16.Are you ____ the jacket these days

　A. wearing B. putting on? C. dressing D. on

　17.He _______ for 2 hours.?

　A. got up B.? has got up C. has been up