1500字论文

　 Abstract

　Genetically modified food is a kind of food that people apply modern molecular biotechnology,transfer some biological gene to other species, transform the genetic material of living things. Through the application of biotechnology, a broad and significant increase of food production can be happily seen at global agricultural production. This essay tells readers the basic knowledge of the GMF and discusses the GMF in a critical attitude.The GMF can help to solve the food shortage problem,and it also can create new varieties.While it brings us a lot of benefits,it also leads to many safety problems. Firstly,The potential for GM foods to cause allergic reactions is the most obvious health concern associated with these products.Secondly,although in developed countries like American the law of the GMF is complicated,the new grain law have same more rigorous rules in China and other developing countries.And the GMF still has some safety problems unseen. we argue that the genetically modified technology can bring more advantage and less disadvantage to us if it is used appropriate and planed.However, it is essential to have a critical attitude toward GMF until it is proved that the GMF is no harm to our body.This essay can help readers to know the GMF critically.

　Key Words: transgenic technology ;Genetically modified food ;food shortage;safety

　Introduction

　In biology class in high school,we first got in touch with transgenic,and we approximately learned the basic transgenic technology.It can reform and make the use of the natural lives on the ingredient of them by taking advantage of the research finds in life sciences,and can greatly follow the will of people.In its purest form,the term "biotechnology" refers to the use of living organisms or their products to modify human health and the human environment.Interestingly, we learned the fluorescent mice.What’s more,I can still clearly remember a fantastic ideas,that if we import the chlorophyll gene into the dairy cattle,we might can make the caw in the sun and can get the milk.

　Of course,that is a nice dream.Now,let’s scientifically learn the genetically modified food.

　Biotechnology in one form or another has flourished since prehistoric times. When the first human beings realized that they could plant their own crops and breed their own animals, they learned to use biotechnology. The discovery that fruit juices fermented into wine, or that milk could be converted into cheese or yogurt, or that beer could be made by fermenting solutions of malt and hops began the study of biotechnology. When the first bakers found that they could make a soft, spongy bread rather than a firm, thin cracker, they were acting as fledgling biotechnologists. The first animal breeders, realizing that different physical traits could be either magnified or lost by mating appropriate pairs of animals, engaged in the manipulations of biotechnology.

　Genetically modified food is a kind of food that people apply modern molecular biotechnology,transfer some biological gene to other species, transform the genetic material of living things,change the shape, nutritional quality, consumer quality to the target of people's needs.

　The GMF can help to solve the food shortage problem,and it also can create new varieties.While it brings us a lot of benefits,it also leads to many safety problems. The potential for GM foods to cause allergic reactions is the most obvious health concern associated with these products,and the GMF still has some safety problems unseen.It is essential to treat the GMF critically for ordinary people.

　Advantages

　We all know that the food shortage has been a serious problem around the Middle East and many developing contries.The most important reason why We develop the GM is that it can help to solve the food problem.

　The most important contribution of the GMF is that it can help to solve the food shortage problems.Since 1983 when the first time human got transgenic tobacco, potato by using recombinant DNA technology,the plant genetic engineering technology in the world has achieved rapid development of transgenic plants for research and development,which has made a series of remarkable progress and has nurtured a number of crops with disease-resistance,insecticide resistance and even an incredible high-yield.with the help of them,we can feed another more than millions of people,According to statistics,up to now ,no less than 1.6 billion people have benefits from biotechnology.in the area,our mother country China has made tremendous contributions to the world's biotechnology.what must be mentioned is BT cotton and hybrid rice of Yuan Longping.

　The nutrition implications are also often cited as an obvious benefit for consumers, since the bioengineering could create plants that could produce more nutritious food.?An example of one such product is "Golden Rice." This strain of rice contains beta-carotene, a source of vitamin A and iron. Developing countries that rely on rice as their major food source are often are the same countries to suffer from high rates of childhood blindness and maternal anemia. Iron and vitamin A have been shown to aid in the prevention and treatment of maternal anemia and blindness, so "Golden Rice" might help to reduce the rates of these problems. Commercialize genetically modified crops dates from the year of 1996,including Soybeans, cotton, cereals and oilseed rape.GM crops now occupy 10% of global arable land. In 2010,81% of worldwide soybean, 64% cotton, 29% and 23% of the grain is genetically modified oilseed rape.Totally,29 countries grow GM products all over the world.the top three country with the largest area of cultivation is United States, Brazil and Argentina.The problem About the safety of GM products has been controversial.Genetically modified food will bring human and animal allergens and toxins of unknown.

　Main Concerns

　Through the application of biotechnology, a broad and significant increase of food production can be happily seen at global agricultural production. But when we enjoy the enormous benefits of the GM food,a new but alarming problem also came that if these food is safe enough for people?

　The potential for GM foods to cause allergic reactions is the most obvious health concern associated with these products. Specific proteins in milk, eggs, wheat, fish, tree nuts, peanuts, soybeans, and shellfish cause over 90% of food allergies. If a protein from one of these food types were to be incorporated into a food that normally would not have this protein, people who are allergic to these proteins could unknowingly consume such a food and suffer allergic reactions.? A new report (see article) shows that 25 countries now grow GM crops, with the total area under cultivation now larger than Peru. Three-quarters of the farmland used to grow soya is now sown with a genetically modified variant, and the figures for cotton are not that far behind, thanks to its success in India. China recently gave the safety go-ahead to its first GM rice variety and a new GM maize that should make better pig feed. More and more plants are having their genomes sequenced: a full sequence for maize was published late last year, the soya genome in January. Techniques for altering genomes are moving ahead almost as fast as the genomes themselves are stacking up, and new crops with more than one added trait are coming to market.

　It is said that in American, GM food is up to 4000 kinds,and it has been a normal goods in their daily life. However,in China and other developing countries, the new grain law have less rigorous rules.For example,the genetically modified seeds' scientific research,experiments,productions,sales,imports and exports should be followed to the country's laws,and every individual person and unit are not allowed to imply genetically modified technology at principle grain cultivars without authorization.That leads to many safety problems. Such stories of success will strike fear into some hearts, and not only in GM-averse Europe; a GM backlash is under way in India, focused on insect-resistant aubergines. Some of these fears are understandable, but lacking supporting evidence they have never been compelling. On safety, the fear which cuts closest to home, the record continues to look good. Governments need to keep testing and monitoring, but that may be becoming easier. More precise modifications, and better technologies for monitoring stray DNA both within plants and in the environment around them, mean that it is getting easier to be sure that nothing untoward is going on.

　 Then there is the worry that GM crops are a way for big companies to take over the livelihoods of small farmers and, in the end, a chunk of nature itself. Seen in this light the fact that 90% of the farmers growing GM crops are comparatively poor and in developing countries is sinister, not salutary; given Monsanto’s dominance in America’s soyabean market, it seems to suggest incipient world domination. It is certainly true that big firms make a lot of money selling GM seeds: the GM seed market was worth $10.5 billion in 2009, and the crops that grew from that seed were worth over $130 billion. But multinationals are not the only game in town. The governments of China (which has increased agricultural research across the board), India and Brazil are also developing new GM crops. In 2009 a GM version of an Indian cotton variety, developed in the public sector, came to market, and a variety engineered by a private Indian firm has been approved for commercialisation. Charities, such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, are also funding efforts in various countries to make crops more hardy or nutritious. GM seeds that come from government research bodies, or from local firms, may not arouse quite so much opposition as those from large foreign companies, especially when they provide characteristics that make crops better, not just easier to farm.

　There is another worry about GM technology, though, that should be taken seriously. It is that its success and appeal to technophiles may, in the minds of those who pay for agricultural research, crowd out other approaches to improving farming. Because it depends on intellectual property that can be protected, GM is ripe for private investment. There is a lot of other agricultural research that is less amenable to corporate ownership but still needs doing. From soil management to weather forecasts to the preservation, study and use of agricultural biodiversity, there are many ways to improve the agricultural systems on which the world’s food supply depends, and make them more resilient as well as more profitable. A farm is not a just a clever crop: it is an ecosystem managed with intelligence. GM crops have a great role to play in that development, but they are only a part of the whole.

　Conclusion

　Ordinary people should believe that the genetically modified technology can bring more advantage and less disadvantage to us if it is used appropriate and planed.However,we should have a critical attitude toward it until it is proved that the GMF is no harm to our body.

　Reference

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　[14]?Amy Harmon, July 27, 2013?A Race to Save the Orange by Altering Its DNA

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